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                            <h1 class="post-title">flutter 新状态管理方案 Provide 使用</h1>
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                        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
                            2019年2月21日
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                                <a href="http://www.kikt.top/categories/flutter">flutter</a>
                            
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                            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span> 阅读</span></span>
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                        <div class="post-content">
                            <p>开这篇文章是因为看到这个库被托管在google的仓库下,而且说明是被设计出来替代<code>ScopedModel</code>的,而且更加灵活</p>
<p>支持Builder模式和StreamBuilder模式,全局,局部都可以</p>
<p>内部应该是结合<code>InheritedWidget</code> <code>Notification</code>体系实现的</p>
<p>传统的bloc需要在每一个<code>Repository</code>中创建<code>StreamController</code>和<code>Stream</code>,甚至有的文章中,一个监听的修改需要修改5处,维护起来比较麻烦</p>
<p>相比较而言<code>Provide</code>维护起来会稍微省事一些</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/CaiJingLong/flutter_provide_example">入门级仓库地址</a></p>
<h2 id="添加依赖">添加依赖</h2>
<p>查看<a href="https://pub.dartlang.org/packages/provide#-installing-tab-">pub-install</a></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#66d9ef">dependencies</span>:
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">provide</span>: ^<span style="color:#ae81ff">1.0.1</span> <span style="color:#75715e"># 这里的版本查看官方</span>
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash">flutter packages get
</code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">import</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;package:provide/provide.dart&#39;</span>;  
</code></pre></div><h2 id="使用方法">使用方法</h2>
<p>这里以简单的Counter为例
也就是在flutter的hello world工程的基础上来修改</p>
<h3 id="1-定义一个model">1. 定义一个Model</h3>
<p>这个model需要继承<code>ChangeNotifier</code></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">
<span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">Counter</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">with</span> ChangeNotifier {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> _value;

  <span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">get</span> value <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _value;

  Counter(<span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>._value);

  <span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> inc() {
    _value<span style="color:#f92672">++</span>;
    notifyListeners(); <span style="color:#75715e">//父类的方法,发出通知
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  }
}
</code></pre></div><h3 id="2-定义一个全局的provide">2. 定义一个全局的Provide</h3>
<p>这里虽然定义在全局,但事实上也可以定义在页面级</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">void</span> main() {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> providers <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> Providers()..provide(Provider.function((ctx) <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> Counter(<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>)));

  runApp(
    ProviderNode(
      child: MyApp(),
      providers: providers,
    ),
  );
}
</code></pre></div><p><code>ProviderNode</code>表示的是提供者</p>
<h3 id="3-界面监听">3. 界面/监听</h3>
<p>修改<code>_MyHomePageState</code></p>
<p>添加一个方法,用于获取Counter实例</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">Counter <span style="color:#66d9ef">get</span> _counter <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> Provide.value<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(context);
</code></pre></div><hr>
<p>将原来的Text(_counter)修改一下</p>
<p>这里的Provide会在Counter发生变化的时候,触发builder回调来更新界面</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">Provide<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
    builder: (BuildContext context, Widget child, Counter counter) {
        <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
            <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>counter.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
            style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
        );
    },
),
</code></pre></div><h3 id="4-发出通知">4. 发出通知</h3>
<p>接着就是发出通知了</p>
<p>修改floatingActionButton的点击事件</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
  onPressed: () <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> _counter.inc(),
  tooltip: <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;Increment&#39;</span>,
  child: Icon(Icons.add),
),
</code></pre></div><p>这里调用第三步获取的那个<code>Counter</code>,然后调用inc方法</p>
<hr>
<p>看到这里,如果之前用过ScopedModel的朋友会问了,这个不是和以前一样吗,我为啥要改呢</p>
<p>继续修改</p>
<h3 id="5-stream模式">5. Stream模式</h3>
<p>这个就很类似于bloc了,只不过model不太一样</p>
<p>添加一个StreamBuilder</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">StreamBuilder<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
  initialData: _counter,
  stream: Provide.stream<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(context),
  builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> snapshot) {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
      <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>snapshot.data.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
      style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
    );
  },
),
</code></pre></div><p>这里<code>initialData</code>是第三步创建的那个,stream是使用<code>Provide.stream&lt;Counter&gt;(context)</code>获取的</p>
<h2 id="scope">scope</h2>
<p>在<code>provide</code>中有一个概念叫scope,类的完整类名叫ProviderScope</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">ProviderScope</span> {
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">final</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> _name;

  <span style="color:#75715e">/// Constructor
</span><span style="color:#75715e"></span>  <span style="color:#66d9ef">const</span> ProviderScope(<span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span>._name);

  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">String</span> toString() {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Scope (&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">$</span>_name<span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;)&#34;</span>;
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>这个类的作用就是标识Provider的区域,或者可以理解为给<code>Provider</code>/<code>Provide</code>定义一个作用区域</p>
<p>只有scope相同的才可以识别</p>
<p>将state的代码修改一下</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart"><span style="color:#66d9ef">class</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">_MyHomePageState</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">extends</span> State<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>MyHomePage<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> {
  Counter <span style="color:#66d9ef">get</span> _counter <span style="color:#f92672">=&gt;</span> Provide.value<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(context);

  PageCounter pageCounter <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> PageCounter(<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>);
  PageCounter pageCounter2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> PageCounter(<span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>);
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> scope1 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> ProviderScope(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;1&#34;</span>); 
  <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> scope2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> ProviderScope(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;2&#34;</span>);
  <span style="color:#960050;background-color:#1e0010">@</span>override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> ProviderNode(
      providers: Providers()
        ..provide(Provider.value(pageCounter), scope: scope1)
        ..provide(Provider.value(pageCounter2), scope: scope2),
      child: Scaffold(
        appBar: AppBar(
          title: Text(widget.title),
        ),
        body: Center(
          child: Column(
            mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
            children: <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Widget<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>[
              Text(
                <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;You have pushed the button this many times:&#39;</span>,
              ),
              Provide<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>PageCounter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
                scope: scope1,
                builder:
                    (BuildContext context, Widget child, PageCounter counter) {
                  <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
                    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>counter.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
                    style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
                  );
                },
              ),
              Provide<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>PageCounter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
                scope: scope2,
                builder:
                    (BuildContext context, Widget child, PageCounter counter) {
                  <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
                    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>counter.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
                    style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
                  );
                },
              ),
              StreamBuilder<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
                initialData: _counter,
                stream: Provide.stream<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(context),
                builder:
                    (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Counter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> snapshot) {
                  <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
                    <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>snapshot.data.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
                    style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
                  );
                },
              ),
              FlatButton(
                child: Text(<span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;nextPage&#34;</span>),
                onPressed: () {
                  Navigator.push(context,
                      MaterialPageRoute(builder: (BuildContext context) {
                    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> MyHomePage(
                      title: <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;new page&#34;</span>,
                    );
                  }));
                },
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ),
        floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
          onPressed: () {
            _counter.inc();
            pageCounter.inc();
            pageCounter2.rec();
          },
          tooltip: <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;Increment&#39;</span>,
          child: Icon(Icons.add),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}
</code></pre></div><p>这里定义了两个<code>scope</code>,并在Provide时进行了指定</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-dart" data-lang="dart">Provide<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>PageCounter<span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span>(
  scope: scope1,
  builder:
      (BuildContext context, Widget child, PageCounter counter) {
    <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> Text(
      <span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span><span style="color:#e6db74">${</span>counter.value<span style="color:#e6db74">}</span><span style="color:#e6db74">&#39;</span>,
      style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.display1,
    );
  },
),
</code></pre></div><p>这样只有当对应scope1的counter发出通知时,这里才会回调,这样就满足了一个页面/一个应用中有两个相同对象的识别问题</p>
<h2 id="后记">后记</h2>
<p>这个插件托管在google仓库下,个人觉得应该是官方很推荐的一种状态管理模式</p>
<p>欢迎大家入手</p>

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